Except one individual hibernating alone during one winter after natal dispersal, group members always hibernated together in a single burrow [25], [26], [41].
We started with the model Dm = age*sex + sex*disp to account for the fact that juvenile males are more prone to move greater distances in the dispersal group, since natal dispersal is male biased.
Low group density has been proposed as a possible explanation for the apparently high Hainan gibbon HR and GS as a result of greater space available for the small population [ 6, 7, 12], although delayed dispersal from groups and thus potentially larger GS may occur in habitats saturated with gibbon groups [ 42].
By the side of the entrance is a notice for the dispersal of groups and people under 16, reminding you that the centre is still being fought over.
By the side of the entrance is a notice for the dispersal of groups and people under 16, reminding you that the center is still being fought over.
Moreover, in P. anserina, ascospore dispersal in groups appears also optimized for keeping a dikaryotic structure, even when homokaryotic ascospores are created.
Because M. xanthus is a predatory bacterium whose growth is facilitated by high population density, the cells have evolved to sporulate in mounds to aid in dispersal of groups of cells [ 5, 6].
Family organization (dispersal or grouping), diversification and mobility are important means used to recover after major losses of animals.
In particular, some dispersal-limited groups (perennial stayers) and microclimate-sensitive groups (closed canopy species, epixylic (log-dwelling) species, and liverworts) showed significant declines in either richness or frequency as patch size decreased.
Female dispersal and group transfer has not yet been observed.
