Sentence examples for dispersal estimates from inspiring English sources

We thus selected transect length to minimize the effect of individuals dispersing out of transect during the study, as such individuals could bias dispersal estimates.

Our synthesis of pollen dispersal estimates across five species of dipterocarp suggests that pollen dispersal scales positively with flower size.

Population differentiation (Fst) and the private allele based dispersal estimates confirm more migrants between woodland compared to between agricultural populations.

At first sight, our results suggest that those different dispersal estimates that we analyzed were under uncoupled selective pressures.

Dispersal estimates (Nm) using the private allele method [68], implemented in GENEPOP 4.0 [69], is potentially less biased than the Fst island model method when using highly polymorphic markers such as microsatellites because of lower sensitivity to homoplasy [70].

Second, dispersal estimates often depend on other known parameters relevant to other evolutionary forces.

As we are interested in the within-species variation in dispersal, we considered only the dispersal metrics that were available for at least 10 species, among which at least three were represented by three or more replicates (i.e. dispersal estimated in at least three populations).

While this suggests man-mediated dispersal, estimating contemporary connectivity among populations has remained elusive.

Because females and males have different dispersal distances, we used the female dispersal distance (1.5 – 5 km) to estimate time since contact using mtDNA, and we used the average dispersal estimate of males and females (0.5 – 3.0) to estimate time since contact for the nuclear dataset.

Thus, dispersal distance estimates derived from field studies may be highly biased, and even estimates derived from indirect genetic methods (e.g. FST ≈ 1/(4 N e m +1), [ 18]) suffer from a lack of realism in the model assumptions.

Because branches of zero length produce infinite dispersal distance estimates (Phylomapper manual), the number of identical haplotypes was first reduced by sampling only a single individual from each site or cluster of sites.