The results showed that dispersal of annual weed seed in any direction obeyed an approximate Gaussian distribution; under the experimental conditions, spatial distribution type of weed seed dispersal changed with variation of wind velocity.
Specifically, we investigate whether the roles of productivity, habitat and dispersal change with spatial scale by testing predictions that habitat will be most important at the local (e.g., site and location) scale and dispersal will become more important with distance along the coast from McMurdo Sound to Terra Nova Bay (Fig. 1).
Second, previously established seedlings should be sampled in addition to dispersed seeds to detect post-dispersal changes to the seed shadows that may result from NDD processes.
Our objective was to characterize the roles of (a) spatial population processes (related to dispersal), (b) changes in forest structure (due to forest maturation and management), and (c) landscape composition (resulting from afforestation and fires) in the range expansion of these bird species at the landscape scale (10 × 10 km).
The likelihood that ecological and evolutionary factors will interact to produce unexpected results is high because fitness links these dynamics across the same temporal and spatial scales and because dispersal simultaneously changes gene flow and species colonization rates.
This should not only include the collection of parameters important for recording key processes, such as dispersal or changes through adaptation to new conditions, but should also help to identify trends in species performance providing a mechanism for testing and validation of predictive models.
For these experiments, ending community populations, species richness, Shannon diversity, and Simpson diversity were clearly different for the different topologies, but the relationship between the topologies varied as the dispersal rate changed.
Carbohydrates play critical roles during pollen growth and development, then in the final phase prior to dispersal carbohydrates change to prepare pollen for dispersal.
We also found a significant difference in the number of populations going extinct, remaining polymorphic or becoming fixed for hermaphrodites when seed dispersal distances changed.
