Similarly, high levels of seed dispersal in our simulations resulted in the highest rate of population extinction as greater dispersal caused lower levels of pollen limitation for females (Fig. 7C).
Ultimately, the importance of each reserve's contribution to network persistence will depend on rockfish density, age structure, and fine-scale patterns of dispersal caused by oceanographic currents and features such as retention zones (e.g. White et al. 2010).
depauperata along the coast may facilitate gene flow either due to higher pollinator displacement or due to seed dispersal caused by the strong winds in the SACP [ 35, 36].
The spread zones, Dr. Renfrew said, are mostly the result of recent dispersals caused by agricultural inventions.
However, dispersal is a double-edged sword because too much can homogenize genetic variation across all populations, reducing the benefits of dispersal, and causing the rate of coevolution to drop off at very high levels of dispersal (Vogwill et al. 2008).
The recruitment of large-seeded V. bicuhyba and E. edulis appears to be much more limited by post-dispersal factors than by dispersal limitation, whereas the small-seeded S. guianensis showed an even stronger effect of post-dispersal factors causing recruitment collapse in some situations.
Sustained Ca2+ influx through ionotropic glutamate receptor-dependent calcium signaling increases GABAAR lateral diffusion, thereby causing the dispersal of synaptic GABAAR, while tonic mGluR-mediated IICR restrains the diffusion of GABAAR, thus increasing its synaptic density.
We wanted to: (i) assess the seed pool dispersed by the rook during wintering, when the bird forms huge winter roosts in the centre of cities, and (ii) evaluate if the rook-mediated dispersal may cause homogenization of vegetation at the sites where seeds were deposited.
