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The low incidence of tumors in pigs [ 23– 25] is consistent with a dispensable function of HEPN1 but maintenance of identical copies of this disrupted gene in African and Eurasian pig genomes is puzzling.
Importantly, the dispensable function of Met in several adult tissues is in contrast to its requirement in counteracting degenerative processes following injuries, such as axotomy, hepatectomy, and skin-wound.
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Loss-of-function alleles in genes with dispensable functions are less likely to be strongly selected against than similar alleles in essential genes.
The value of k a at time zero of the evolution experiment is k ao and the value after all the dispensable functions have decayed k a ∞.
The majority of the functionally characterized genes inferred to have been lost is related to central metabolism or encode apparently dispensable functions in the informational systems that are also missing in some other Archaea.
On the other hand, some ribosomal proteins (e.g., S16, L15, L16, L20, and L24) are mostly essential for the assembly of the RNP particle and are dispensable for function after the ribosomal subunits are fully assembled, suggesting that their major function in the assembled ribosome is related to the improvement of the ribosome stability.
First, the size of deletions analyzed by Margot et al. [12] were large, and because of this small regions of DNMT1 that are dispensable for function were likely not identified.
Hence, the Pab1 interacting motif PAM2 was dispensable for function.
Taken together, the PAM2 motif is dispensable for function of Upa1.
A C-terminal coiled-coil has also been identified in Cdc11, but it is dispensable for function.
Phenotypic analysis revealed that the RING domain (Upa1ΔR-Gfp) was dispensable for function under the tested conditions, whereas deletion of a C-terminal region containing the RING and FYVE domain (Upa1ΔFRGfp) results in loss of function.
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