These results support prior research suggesting that HL is a crucial SES-related factor essential in understanding health disparities [ 4, 14, 32, 34].
More specifically, consider the rank ordered ground-truth disparities: { d 1 G, d 2 G, …, d C G }, and consider the threshold value v for the largest 95% disparities: v=⌊0.95×C⌋.
where the notations d v G and d v E signify the v th rank-ordered true and estimated disparities (95 percentile disparities).
Finally, recent decades have seen the emergence of literature documenting racial/ethnic disparities in care, and descriptive studies are crucial to identify and monitor such disparities [21, 27].
The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) sponsored a "Workshop on Alcohol Use and Health Disparities 2002: A Call to Arms," on December 5 , 2002 in Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
The effects of such defective image pairs on human visual system [3, 6 8] and some quality assessment methods based on disparities [9] have been investigated in recent years.
Our technique correctly leads to a lower energy for the ground truth (−1.9 in e) compared to the fronto-parallel disparities (−1.8 in f).
Differences in adipose tissue gene expression between men and women may account for such disparities [47], [48].
Climate change will impact on the social determinants of health and exacerbate health disparities (59).
The majority of existing gender equality programing works with women to address gender disparities (38).
Environmental and housing conditions, including overcrowding, are also potential contributing factors to these health disparities (27 – 27 ).
