The last functional group (Table 1, functional group VI) contains a group of 12 genes with disparate functions.
The report's biggest package of recommendations is to overhaul the intelligence operations, calling for a cabinet-level national intelligence director within the White House who would control the budgets of all 15 federal intelligence agencies to unify and better coordinate their disparate functions.
Because genetic programs can be conceptualized as networks of genes for a wide range of systems, the discussed models can be successfully applied to implement disparate functions.
These results show that laminin α1LG domains and consequently their receptors have disparate functions in the neuromuscular system.
This is a remarkable combination of peptides considering what is so far known about the disparate functions of these peptides [24], [34], [35].
The multi-point regulation of Atf1-mediated pathways by the Spc1 kinase provides a mechanistic basis for multiple, seemingly disparate functions of Atf1 (Figure 5).
Expression of LGP2 from a plasmid vector acts as a negative regulator of IFN production and antiviral signaling [6], [20], [21], [22], but analysis of mice deficient for LGP2 indicated disparate functions for LGP2 in response to different viruses [23].
These results are in striking contrast to the reported functions of other germinal center kinase family members, the majority of which have been shown to induce MAP kinase activation and apoptosis [2], [7], raising the question as to whether different germinal center kinases have disparate functions in different organisms or developmental contexts.
In contrast, the first study on LGP2-deficient mice and cells infected with RNA viruses or challenged with synthetic dsRNA poly(I C), suggested a disparate function with LGP2 supporting signaling through MDA5 ligands but inhibiting RIG-I-mediated signaling [23].
These anatomical shifts involve changes in both the anterior and posterior regions of the head, and given the disparate functions performed by the posterior region of the skull, which include feeding, respiration and vision, it is likely that it is composed of multiple anatomical modules.
