Cytokines are involved in inflammatory disorders, in which the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is induced in RPE cells [ 3].
Mutation of klotho may result in many aging-related disorders in animals; the expression of klotho gene is only identified in some tissues in mice, rats, and humans [ 35].
While activating mutations in JAK2 have been found in myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) [6], the expression of JAK2 in primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphomas and HL is not the result of mutations [7], although constitutive activation of STATs has been observed [8].
The critical involvement of cannabinoid-mediated transmission in extinction potentially has important clinical implications, as numerous similarities link the expression of fear and anxiety in humans suffering from phobias, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and other anxiety disorders to the expression of classically conditioned fear in animals.
Hypocretins, novel hypothalamic neuropeptides that are dysfunctional in the sleep disorder narcolepsy, may be involved in the expression of the circadian wake-promoting signal.
In bipolar disorder, these pattern process relationships are manifested in the expression of symptoms (patterns) and their recurrence (dynamic process).
This review focuses on the link between the stress axis and the brain norepinephrine arousal system as a key point at which sex differences occur and are translated to differences in the expression of mood disorders.
These differences might also be associated with general cross-cultural differences in the expression of eating disorders, and with the availability and quality of different foods.
Research on gender differences suggests that girls may be consistently underidentified and underdiagnosed because of differences in the expression of the disorder among boys and girls.
Research on gender differences suggests that girls may be consistently underidentified and underdiagnosed mostly explained by differences in the expression of the disorder among boys and girls [ 3, 5- 7].
