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The externalizing disorder variable was defined by the presence or absence of any behavioral disorders and/or oppositional attitudes.
Importantly though, all of these studies included depression/depressive symptoms as the mental disorder variable [ 6, 113– 113].
In the first analysis, the dichotomous Mood disorder variable was entered as the state variable and the disorder-specific scales AA and AD and the CES-D were entered as the test variables.
However, a reasonably good validity was demonstrated in a recent study, comparing a dichotomised SCL-5 with an "any disorder" variable based on the Composite International Diagnostic Interview CIDI [ 81].
Using an 12-year exposure window (from January 1 , 1989to December 31, 2000), we first created a dichotomized 'mental disorder' variable coded as '0' for participants without sickness absence for mental disorder and '1' for those with at least one sickness absence episode for mental disorder.
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This study examined whether poor body image and other eating disorder variables, after controlling for symptoms of anxiety and depression, were predictive of smoking severity in a sample of 478 college students (n=215 males, n=246 females).
For cannabis and alcohol, 'age of onset of use disorder' variables were also divided into quartiles where 'no onset' was used as the reference group.
Guided by previous analyses using these measures [ 4], movement disorder variables were analyzed as dichotomous indicators (0 = not present versus 1 = present; the latter combining scores of '1' and '2').
To avoid multiplicity problems due to performing many significance tests within one study, we restricted the outcomes to four disorder variables that are not alternative ways of measuring the same things: 1) any mood disorder; 2) any anxiety disorder; 3) any substance dependence; 4) any disorder or substance dependence.
Adjusted population attributable fractions (PAF%) for lower socio-economic status (low and middle SES compared to high SES) and psychiatric disorder variables were obtained from the punafcc post-estimation function in Stata [ 25] based on the method used by Greenland and Drescher [ 26].
For males, suicide risk was highest in the lowest socio-economic status group (OR = 3.08, 95%CI 1.21-7.82, P = 0.018), followed by the middle socio-economic status group (OR = 1.58, 95%CI 0.61-4.09, P = 0.350) compared to the highest socio-economic status group (OR = 1.00), in models not adjusting for intermediary mental disorder variables (P for linear trend = 0.015) (Table 2).
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