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In close connection with the depolarization disorder hypothesis, discontinuous conduction of the AP has also been suggested as a possible trigger of P2R in BrS [ 14, 15].
As Vicedo et al. report, the disorder hypothesis has limited predictive value because chrX genes also have a low disorder (on average), so the size of the chromosome is posed as the other important variable.
Despite their relative successes, the major GWAS have not unambiguously identified many common susceptibility variants, resulting in a move away from the common variant common disorder hypothesis as the primary genetic mechanism underlying the ASDs.
The RVOT has thus been implicated in both the electrocardiographical abnormalities and the delayed epicardial conduction associated with potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmia in BrS (Berruezo et al. 2004, Morita et al. 2008) in a depolarization disorder hypothesis (Kasanuki et al. 1997, Tukkie et al. 2004, Coronel et al. 2005, Meregalli et al. 2005, Postema et al. 2008).
The repolarization disorder hypothesis focuses on the unequal expression of the transient outward current (Ito) in the right ventricular epicardium, leading to a heterogeneous reduction of the epicardial action potential (AP) dome, marked dispersion of repolarization, and vulnerability to arrhythmia induction in the form of phase-2 reentry (P2R) [ 9– 11].
On the other hand, reductions of sodium current availability or other factors affecting conduction reserve (such as the presence of abundant adipose tissue or fibrosis) are believed in the depolarization disorder hypothesis to amplify conduction delays in the right ventricular outflow tract, constituting the substrate for arrhythmia [ 8, 12, 13].
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Two main mechanisms have been postulated to explain the ECG features and the arrhythmogenic nature of BrS: the repolarization disorder and the depolarization disorder hypotheses [ 8].
We identified 28 155 phenotype-disorder hypotheses covering 4898 phenotypes and 1659 Mendelian disorders.
GABA-A receptor modulators in general may act synergistically with hormonal contraceptives to enhance mood in women with bipolar disorder; this hypothesis merits further study.
Recent research has shown that POTS may prove to be an autoimmune disorder, a hypothesis that might lead to more treatment options.
With regard to the negative results in the German sample, it should be noted that this sample was enriched for chronic, non-remitting schizophrenia, so that one might hypothesize that AHI1 is associated with less severe, remitting forms of this disorder, a hypothesis which could easily be tested in further studies.
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