A serious disadvantage of mobile-bearing UKA is bearing dislocation, which has been reported in almost every published series (Pandit et al. 2011, Price and Svard 2011).
It is likely that the nanometer-sized ω phase may be a type of obstacle related to the restriction of the dislocation movement, which has been a significant problem in research on Gum Metal.
The dislocation-based (delocalized) vacancy structure, which has been observed in many of the STGBs studied here, may be an intrinsic feature of GBs, and it is of great significance in facilitating GB migration.
The approach resembles the epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) technique, which has been used since the 1960s to reduce threading dislocation densities in growth of lattice-mismatched thin films.
The children in this study were all included in the CPUP programme which has been shown to reduce the number of severe contractures [ 33] and hip dislocations [ 32].
The fast relaxation indicates the presence of misfit dislocations at the interface which have been observed by transmission electron microscopy [15].
In their prognostic level I study of 255 patients (257 shoulders), Hovelius et al. [10] found that half of the primary anterior shoulder dislocations in their study which had been treated non-operatively in patients aged 12 25 years had not recurred and had become stable over time.
The results show that complex relaxed structures can occur, including cracks and cavities, distorted grain boundaries, dislocations, twin bands, diffuse dislocation walls and amorphized zones, many of which have been observed in nanocrystalline metals.
Lateral dislocation of the patella (LPD) leads to cartilaginous injuries, which have been reported to be associated with retropatellar complaints and the development of patellofemoral osteoarthritis.
Physically, this means reducing grain boundary energy makes it harder for dislocations to nucleate and then propagate through the grain (the deformation mechanisms, which have been tied to yield strength45,46).
