Simultaneously, the interference patterns were flooded with dislocation lines (Fig. 4 on page 1120), signalling the presence of vortices16.
High density of dislocation lines, tangles, and multi-directional mechanical twins are observed.
The green lines (intermediate misfit energy) in that figure represent the dislocation cores and the red regions with highest misfit energy are the positions where dislocation lines intersect.
Some rafts were associated with dislocation lines while some form as a result of alignment of dislocation loops.
The large grains contained a variety of defects that included twins, dislocation lines, small dislocation loops and stacking-fault tetrahedra.
M23C6 precipitates were found to nucleate at grain boundaries, but in particular also on dislocation lines and boundaries of subgrains.
Detailed TEM microstructural analysis showed that various typical microstructures including dislocation lines, dislocation tangles, dislocation arrays, mechanical twins and precipitated particles tangled together, forming the strengthening phase.
With the temperatures raising from room RT to 550 °C, the dislocation images of fine-grained specimen change from nanometer-scale dislocation lines to stacking faults.
These strain fields depend in turn on phase fields which are used to parameterize the energy stored in dislocation lines and stacking faults.
Typical dislocation structures including straight prismatic slip lines, curved dislocation lines, dislocation tangles and twins can be discovered in fatigued specimens with two different microstructures.
During the early stages of ageing these clusters become richer in Cu and Mg and laths of the S phase (Al2CuMg) nucleate preferentially on dislocation lines.
