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Papadakis et al. (1991) and Wittmann et al. (1994) suggest the diffusion coefficient equation which uses spread disk cell to measure percentage of porosity in concrete and relative humidity as a variable, but this analysis is based on Papadakis et al. equation (1991) in Eq. (9).
To obtain an estimate of wing disk cell proliferation the number of cells in M phase were identified with a 1∶2000 dilution of anti-phosphorylated histone H3 antibody (PH3), conjugated to Alexa Flour® 488 (Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. # 9708).
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Then they added two types of living disk cells taken from a rat's spine: one from the outer edges of a disk, which they added to the collagen, and another type found in the center of disks, which they seeded into the gel.
At the extremities, most tentacle and hypostome cells as well as the basal disk cells are more differentiated and lost division capabilities.
These results are consistent with previous data using Drosophila S2 cells [ 10] and reconfirm that OFUT1 is required for secretion of Notch to the cell surface in wing disk cells.
When wing disk cells are permeabilized with detergent, wild-type cells exhibit both intracellular staining as well as apical hexagonal staining, corresponding to the normal cell surface localization of Notch near the adherens junctions.
For expression of GFP KDEL in wing disk cells, the GFP KDEL coding fragment was isolated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from pMT/Bip-GFP KDEL [ 10], cloned into pMT/Bip-GFP KDELormed in to Drosophila.
However, this is not an effective assay for cell surface localization, because a cell surface receptor is not required for bulk endocytosis (e.g. even fluorescent dextran is efficiently endocytosed by disk cells [ 19]), and once endocytosed, antibodies could be spread throughout the secretory pathway and then accumulate wherever there are significant epitope concentrations.
Loss of the mwh+Y chromosome in any of the wing-disk cells – in a multiple wing hairs homozygous background – leads to the formation of an mwh mosaic spot (clone) in the emerging wing.
In support of this idea, we have investigated the relative distributions of five different ER markers in wing imaginal disks cells: two dedicated ER chaperones (OFUT1 and Boca), a classic ER protein marker (Calnexin), a synthetic ER protein (GFP with a KDEL ER retention signal added) and bulk ER proteins (using an anti-KDEL antibody).
Cells visibly expressing red fluorescence after this time were selected (at least 5 cells per disk); these cells are proven to be successfully transfected with pdsRed2-C1, are are therefore highly likely to have taken up siRNA as well.
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