The range of the mountain beaver consists of four disjunct regions: one extending from southern British Columbia to the northern tip of California, another at Mount Shasta and along the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada mountains, and two tiny populations north of San Francisco Bay along the California coast.
Following some, mostly eastward, expansion, the 3N1 range contracted to the northwest and north-central arid zone during the LGM, possibly into two disjunct regions (see Figure 4b d).
Accordingly, we chose two cyanobacterial strains, C. raciborskii CS-505 and R. brookii D9 isolated from geographically disjunct regions in Australia (CS-505) and Brazil (D9) (Figure 1).
Finally, species 1 occupies widely disjunct regions in the far north of the host plant range and in New South Wales, where it is the only pollinator species recorded.
The Old World arenavirus Lassa virus causes up to 300,000 cases of Lassa fever annually in endemic foci of 2 geographically disjunct regions of West Africa (1 ).
Type B venom dominates throughout most of the range of C. horridus with only two known, disjunct regions where type A is common, one of which (southeastern South Carolina through eastern Georgia and northern Florida) falls in one of the regions of sympatry with C. adamanteus.
It is widely distributed but as disjunct regional populations with little to no interchange between them.
Many taxa with disjunct area, especially relict woody plants, occur in these two geographical regions, indicating that a homogeneous forest vegetation covered large areas of the northern hemisphere during most of the Tertiary [ 5].
Although no members of other tetraodontiform families have fully discarded their marine lives, approximately 30 tetraodontid species spend their entire lives in freshwaters in disjunct tropical regions of South America, Central Africa, and Southeast Asia.
Most species occur in inshore and estuarine waters, but approximately 30 tetraodontid species spend their entire life cycles in freshwater in disjunct tropical regions of South America, Central Africa, and Southeast Asia [16], [17], [18] (Figure 1).
