Dental diseases incur substantial economic losses globally accounting to 298 billion US dollar per year which is 4.6% of the total global health expenditure (Listl et al. 2015).
Therefore, when measuring by DALYs, these diseases incur a relatively low disease burden despite their high prevalence.
Hypertension and cardiovascular diseases incur high costs both for patients and their families as well as for society.
A study for Russia sought to correct for endogeneity to show that that households containing members with chronic diseases incur higher levels of OOP healthcare expenditure than those without [ 42].
There are currently no FDA-approved vaccines, postexposure prophylactics, or therapeutics to prevent disease incurred by arenavirus.
CKD patients without diabetes or vascular disease incurred annual hospital care costs ranging from £403 (95% confidence interval: 345-462) in CKD stages 1-3B to £525 (449-602) in CKD stage 5 (not on dialysis).
In Western Europe, rotavirus disease incurred direct medical costs of $543,775 (Italy) [ 65] to $53.6 million (Spain) [ 29] each year, and between $1.7 million (Italy) [ 65] and $22.4 million (Belgium) [ 64] in indirect costs (Table 2).
Jared O'Leary, a researcher at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Boston Children's Hospital, told the Journal that "In 2010, there were more than 100,000 hospital admissions of adults with congenital heart disease, incurring average charges per admission of $43,346, he said, or a total of more than $4 billion".
An estimated 24 million Americans suffer from type 2 diabetes, with one-quarter of them unaware of their disease, incurring societal costs estimated at $174 billion annually (1).
The breast cancer patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) had 1.44-fold higher medical costs than did breast cancer patients without COPD, and colon cancer patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) incurred 1.24-fold higher medical costs than did patients with the same cancer type but no CVD.
