People in the USA who discussed and recorded their preferences in the form of an Advance Directive (a legally-binding document of a person's preferences for medical care in event that they become incapacitated) were more likely to receive end of life care in accordance with their wishes [ 15- 17].
The respect for individual and collective preferences, well discussed and defined, and the moral and ethical values expressed by our society should, therefore, guide all decisions [ 6].
This paper explores the factors influencing if, when and how ACP takes place between HCPs, patients and family members from the perspectives of all parties involved and how such preferences are discussed and are recorded.
Realising patients' preferences for the kind of care they wish to receive and the place of their death is often taken as a key indicator of quality of end of life care and there is evidence that if patients' preferences are discussed and documented they are more likely to be realised [ 6].
Study 2 showed a similar pattern of results over a smaller time frame; groups receiving in-process interventions prolonged their discussions, discussed member preferences less, and pooled more critical information than those receiving pre-task interventions because they perceived those interventions as more valuable, which indirectly improved the quality of their decisions.
A number of policy initiatives have been introduced to develop approaches to discussing and documenting individual preferences for end of life care, in particular preferred place to die.
Thus far, we have discussed preference and harmony judgments for color combinations as wholes and have found no evidence favoring art theoretic claims that color combinations with strong hue contrasts are either preferred or harmonious (e.g., Chevreul, 1839).
Preparing women for an (urgent) decision in birth and discussing choices and preferences were identified as important aspects of antenatal care.
There were no data reported in the Cochrane Collaboration's review on the effectiveness of PtDAs in helping patients to recognize that a decision needs to be made, or to discuss values and preferences with their health care provider [ 14].
The need to discuss and clarify different values, preferences and goals is taken into account by introducing the notion of a typology of information that acknowledges that means and ends of education are debatable and therefore need to be negotiated.
