Exact(3)
Although such aspirations can be approached only as retrospective discursive representations, they are still telling of their attempts at, and limitations in, exerting control on the future life course.
For much of history, the written word was central to such discursive representations, literary formulations and even biological metaphors that sought to interpret the city both for local inhabitants and outsiders.
Each of these behaviours is associated with discursive representations of idealised femininity [ 41], suggesting that transgression of the ideal may lead some women to position these strategies as unhelpful.
Similar(57)
The distinction between pictorial and discursive representation can be characterized in terms of the distinction between analog and digital representation (Goodman 1976).
The concept of discursive representation can potentially redeem the promise of deliberative democracy when the deliberative participation of all affected by a collective decision is infeasible.
The fourth type, discursive representation, has been developed to solve this 'scale-problem' of quantitative representation.
Hence, although there are examples of PIAs in BMRI which aim for discursive representation [ 11, 41], this form of representation is not easily achieved.
The fifth type of representation offers a pragmatic solution for the challenges of quantitative and discursive representation by combining the objectives of both versions.
In contrast to the three aforementioned types, discursive representation, does not aim for representation of individuals or groups but rather of the usually smaller number of diverse views and experiences [ 39] or of relevant discourses on the issue at hand [ 17, 40].
Two limitations to this idea of combining collective agency with forms of representation need to be mentioned: first, it seems most plausible to combine collective agency with elected, quantitative, or discursive representation because combining it with one of the other two forms appears to hold less significant consequences.
But with this type, some new – as yet not entirely resolved – problems emerge: to achieve discursive representation, organizers do not only need to distinguish all relevant views and discourses in advance, but also to identify and recruit individuals representing the views and discourses.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com