See literature on deliberative democracy and collaborative planning for explanation of the deliberative processes and the discursive mechanism, for example Dryzek (2000).
Third, the unity of Islam is a key discursive mechanism used to normalize the actions of extremists and prevent alienation from moderates.
Deliberative processes, as described by the framework, are thought to support long-term and common interests by means of the discursive mechanism, which allow individual arguments to interact and transform rather than aggregating unchallenged individual interests.10 Therefore, a procedure as described by the framework can be seen to have large potential to deliver a sustainable state.
This contributes insights into how international/national debates are translated into concrete alternative models through specific discursive mechanisms.
The latter can still be applied even where trust is weak or absent, but then negotiators rely more on non-discursive mechanisms to align provider with commissioner interests artificially, including psychological pressure such as bullying in negotiations.
The most striking finding is that simple interactions of some of the proposed mechanisms yield discursive structures that are in line with what is expected theoretically and empirically [9]-[11],[40], while none of the basic mechanisms separately has implications that seem to correspond to the real world.
While the set of features offered here follows Martin and White in recognising these as key strategies or textual arrangements by which attitudinal stance may be indirectly indicated or put into play, it is important to recognise that other mechanisms or discursive strategies may also play a role when a span of text has the potential to invoke an attitudinal value.
Other public policy research has chosen to focus on 'frames of reference' (référentiels in French) for these policies, in other words on the discursive, ideological and representational mechanisms that underpin the design and agenda-setting stages of these policies, allowing them to be thought out and articulated, and either explicitly or implicitly legitimizing [ 33- 35].
Essentially, discursive governance refers to implicit mechanisms of governance resting on narratives, leitmotifs and strategic metaphors in political language, and the subsequent framing of policies using such language to interpose ideas in order to affect political and social representations within the public sphere in accordance with the wishes of political authorities (Korkut et al., 2015).
If combined in a single utility function of agents, and if one distinguishes between the roles of interest groups and governmental actors, however, these mechanisms lead to plausible discursive structures.
We adopt an interdisciplinary approach and, by drawing on the institutional lens, synthesize the multi-level perspective from sustainability transitions studies with the scholarship on discursive action from organization and management studies to explore the mechanisms by which moral entrepreneurs contribute to transformative change.
