Where they could be made, payments often secured only sub-optimal, and in some cases downright discriminatory care.
48 Our theoretically informed approach, enhanced by interviewing patients, carers, and key professionals, enabled us to gain insights that would have been unavailable through single interviews for example, the experiences of the Sikh man whose discriminatory care was transformed by a committed individual adopting an advocacy role.
To explore current literature surrounding the knowledge, beliefs and attitudes of nurses and midwives of the healthcare needs of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer (LGBTQ) patients and their influence on equal and non-discriminatory care for LGBTQ individuals.
Thus it was underlined that non-discriminatory care and patient confidentiality is a matter of professional integrity: "Those who come here have the right to be treated.
In 2004, when Uganda first introduced ART, capacity for supporting counselling, testing and non-discriminatory care for people living with HIV (PLHIV) was limited (STD/AIDS Control Programme, 2007).
In addition, maternity staff need to be supported – with time, resources and training – to enable them to provide appropriate and non-discriminatory care to immigrant women, in accord with published declarations and standards of quality care for immigrant populations [ 59, 60].
Similarly, HIV-positive women who wish to have children, and who have a right to access PMTCT (prevention of mother to child transmission), may not know of their rights or may be deterred from enacting these rights by incorrect information or discriminatory health care professionals.
So what exactly are the obstacles and restrictions facing them, when it is already clearly defined that when rape is used as a weapon of war, in armed conflict, women have an absolute right to non-discriminatory medical care under the Geneva conventions?
Supportive laws, non-discriminatory health care provision, robust infection control and reliable drug supply chains are all needed to support care and treatment for the caseload of chronic HIV patients.
Participants in this study reported stereotypes and discriminatory attitudes among care providers that could perpetuate mistrust and generate dissatisfaction that could undermine the trust and cooperation necessary for a successful therapeutic relationship [ 6, 8, 11, 13, 44, 47].
However, we caution against enforcement of policies on a minimum number of hours that all women must stay in the absence of improvements to infrastructure, and provider deployment and training on respectful, non-discriminatory, culturally competent care [ 39].
