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And the replacement of intent with effect as the standard for determining discrimination — effect is the standard that affirmative-action programs use — contributed to a white backlash.
Interestingly, the discrimination effect was stronger for everyday slights and suspicions (including whether people felt harassed or threatened, or whether they felt others were afraid of them) than for more dramatic events like being denied a job or promotion or being unfairly detained or questioned by police.
In addition, when the two improved CHI formulas are compared, the first improved method has a slight advantage, showing a better discrimination effect in the preceding categories.
The discrimination effect was enhanced by the non-uniform adsorption of gas molecules on the top, side and bottom regions of the resonator.
The observed discrimination effect (ratio of charge transfer resistance, RCT, between the hybridized and non-complementary hybridized surfaces) for the different ternary surfaces followed the order of HS-ssDNA/MCH/MUDA (1.89) > HS-ssDNA/MPA/MCH (1.37) > HS-ssDNA/MCH/MUD (1.27) > HS-ssDNA/MPA/MUD (0) = HS-ssDNA/MPA/MUDA (0).
In contrast, in choice tests in small test arenas, no kin discrimination effect was observed.
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In the past researches of financial crisis early-warning model, multiple regression, linear probability model, and multiple discriminate analysis are commonly adopted, all of which have generated good discrimination effects, with over 90% accuracy.
One new study even suggests that some of the discrimination effects in the workplace aren't the result of bias against women so much as bias in favor of men.
New results on chiral discrimination effects, the existence of condensed phases in adsorbed monolayers, and the design of molecular recognition systems are reviewed.
Differences in the discrimination effects among the ternary surfaces are related to the pinhole behavior of the molecular layer, which is influenced by the chain length and head group functionalities responsible for the intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
The response of the ICP-MS instrument to each of the monitored ions, 56Fe+ and 55Mn+, is not identical due to differences in relative isotopic abundances,[42] IP[43] and mass discrimination effects.[44] These effects are combined in a relative response correction factor, k (dimensionless), used to calculate the combined internal standard count rate, Icis (counts s-1), as.
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