That is because those referential capacities are parasitic on those of the experts who do have the required discriminating knowledge (Putnam, 1975b, 228).
Hypotheses constructed during the inference process, by the design of the system (see below), correspond to the annotation concepts that capture discriminating knowledge.
This finding may be interpreted as a scarce effectiveness of information provided to HCWs in improving knowledge, or, since the mean years working in HDF was 11 years, information provided at the time of employment are no more relevant to discriminate knowledge of HCWs in our setting.
The present version of the TALOE web tool does not discriminate between knowledge types, as suggested by the theoretical model.
*Cremer and Schoonen's (2013) findings suggested that a lack of attention to time or speed factor (e.g., response latency or time-constrained test administration) would constrain the power of WAF tests in discriminating learners' network knowledge.
Analysis of discourse and assessment choices suggests that representational pairing can drive development of discriminating personal schemata (knowledge structures) that more closely conform to canonical norms of the scientific community (Podolefsky and Finkelstein, 2007b, 2008).
Many of the issues here turn on what kind of self-knowledge is allowed by EXT, and in particular, whether such knowledge is discriminating enough for justificatory purposes.
Setting out the lessons that future governments should take from the dossier episode, Chilcot emphasised "the need for vigilance to avoid unwittingly crossing the line from supposition to certainty" and "the need to be scrupulous in discriminating between facts and knowledge on the one hand and opinion, judgment and belief on the other".
The presented data conforms to the common knowledge that discriminating between various isomers of larger fullerenes can constitute a difficult experimental task.
To answer RQ3, we then used the RED in a pre/posttest comparison of experimental design knowledge and difficulties to find out whether it can be usefully deployed with published assessments to discriminate changes in knowledge during course participation.
In summary, while it seems desirable to ensure that the words of a WAF test are high in frequency, as this would help reduce the kind of guessing effect reported in *Read (1993 19988) and thus the possibility of threatening the validity of the test, having the frequency too high might end up with the test not being able to discriminate the depth knowledge of advanced learners.
