Indeed, we believe that this is the first paper specifically to begin to consider how sensemaking and discretionary power work together in challenging or supporting PHC re-orientation within a middle-income country health system, or to consider what a leadership of sensemaking for PHC entails.
Genentech's scientists are given discretionary time to work on projects of their own interest.
Most, however, require some external motivation to go above and beyond their jobs, which often falls under the category of "soft coercion" — pressure that is conveyed in a manager's tone with employees, and in the cultural influences and incentives that he or she uses to promote positive discretionary behaviors at work.
We typically use the term purpose here, to describe what Ratan Tata calls a "moral or spiritual call to action" that leads people to put in discretionary effort — to work long hours, and to bring their passion and creativity to the workplace.
But he used his discretionary time to work on angiogenesis.
Next to working time accounts, the discretionary extension of short-time work was particularly important in this context.
"A drop in highway deaths is always the silver lining in a down economy," Mr. Rader said, with fewer trips to work and discretionary trips.
Kate Sullivan, director of health-care policy at the United States Chamber of Commerce, said, "Every time the government does inject itself into the debate, it makes the coverage more expensive for the group as a whole and leaves less opportunity for employers to make discretionary decisions for their work force group".
Financial workers at Wall Street's top banks are to receive pay deals worth more than $70bn£40bnbn), a substantial proportion of which is expected to be paid in discretionary bonuses, for their work so far this year - despite plunging the global financial system into its worst crisis since the 1929 stock market crash, the Guardian has learned.
Time poverty means that individuals do not have enough discretionary time beyond their work and family commitments [86].
