At low traffic density k, driver's attention is not high, and some discretionary behaviors may be operated.
In contrast, context performance relates to voluntary and discretionary behaviors that are not necessary for the successful value co-creation.
Conversely, context performance involves voluntary and discretionary behaviors, which is extra-role in nature and often refers to organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).
With proactive behaviors being self-initiated, future-focused, and change-oriented (e.g., Grant et al. 2009), they comprise employees' discretionary behaviors in situations, in which they may alternatively proceed without immediate consequences such as when solving issues before they become an actual problem (Frese and Fay 2001).
These tend to be, however, hard cases corresponding to extreme operating conditions, such as imposing a discretionary green behavior while maximizing return, or conversely, imposing a high return while aiming for minimal environmental damages.
Higher socioeconomic status, whether measured at the individual or the area-level, is associated with greater access to discretionary procedures, healthier behaviors, better mental health, and lower morbidity and mortality [ 34, 35].
Automated health behavior interventions that involve discretionary use by patients or consumers over extended periods of time are becoming more common and it is generally assumed that adherence to the recommended schedule is related to the impact of the system on users.
If Mr. Steinberg continues to be denied parole, which is discretionary, but maintains his record of good behavior in prison, he will be freed automatically in June 2004 under a law ordering release of inmates with good records when they have served two-thirds of their terms, in his case, nearly 17 years.
And the effects on consumer behavior, especially on borrowing and discretionary spending, will be broad and deep.
Others, like Francis McCardle, president of the General Contractors Association of New York, welcomed the variable pricing as a test that will reveal whether driver behavior can be changed, and if discretionary travelers can be induced to use mass transit or drive during off-peak hours.
