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Patronage-the discretionary allocation of public sector jobs-continues to be a dominant way government is staffed in most Latin American countries and it is proving resistant to the imprecations of public sector reformers.
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Mr. Choi, who is also the executive director of MinKwon Center for Community Action, an advocacy group in Flushing, said that even though Asians are about 13 percent of the population, social service organizations that focus on them receive only 1.4 percent of the Council's discretionary allocations, and less than a quarter of one percent of the money for city social-service contracts.
Third, to test for the effect of audits on career prospects, and on state governors' discretionary allocations to municipalities.
Further, the influence of mixed residential development on low-income group individuals' maintenance and discretionary activity time allocation decision appears to be insignificant.
"There have been many scare stories about councils running out of funding when, in fact, only a quarter of local authorities across the country made a bid for the £20m funding available to top up their discretionary housing payment allocation, and a majority of councils spent less than half of their extra funding in the first half of the financial year".
Using data from an activity travel diary survey conducted in Beijing in 2013, we examine and model the importance of personal social networks and residential neighborhood social environment variables in the choice of location and time allocation for discretionary activities.
At the macro level, innovation can translate into both top-down policies for a more efficient allocation of discretionary resources and a bottom-up increasing level of entrepreneurship.
- Scepter Partners, a syndicate of sovereign investors and ultra-high net worth families in the Middle East and Asia, says it has received US$14 billion allocation of discretionary assets by its core stakeholders.
This discretionary nature of research allocation decisions lies at the core of resolutions such as the Abuja declaration [ 29] and the CHRD target.
The results show that the time allocation for certain discretionary activities significantly influences the time allocation for other discretionary activities.
Each senator gets a certain allocation of these discretionary funds.
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