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A systems biology approach to immune system patterns can complement the traditional quest for discrete specificity.
Effects of IFNγ on IL-8 were not of unspecific nature but displayed discrete specificity since IL-1β-induced expression/secretion of COX-2 and IL-6 were left unaffected.
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We chose 10-AA-long peptides to increase sensitivity for in vitro IFN-γ ELISpot assays and to better discriminate responses to multiple partly overlapping peptides from individual discrete specificities.
However, in contrast to the discrete immune specificity borne by individual T-cell or antibody-mediated immune reactions, recent attention has been directed to global patterns formed by collectives of low-titer antibody reactivities as indicative of immune-system state in both health and disease [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6].
Compared to traditional inoculations with P. infestans isolates, the effectors also enabled the dissection of the activities of otherwise indistinguishable R genes into discrete recognition specificities, and moreover helped determine that Rpi-blb1 has two closely related orthologs in S. stoloniferum and S. papita.
Sequence similarity networks have been successfully used to organize functionally diverse enzyme superfamilies into subgroups and families of sequences representing discrete reaction specificities.
The network that emerged from this study suggests the MAPK signaling cascade regulates transcription through combinatorial enzyme specificity and discrete phosphorylation events.
Zinc-mediated inhibition of GABA(A) receptors: discrete binding sites underlie subtype specificity.
The results describe a pathway of transition from the GV to the MII stage that is punctuated of discrete recordable events showing their specificity and occurring with different time kinetics in the two types of oocytes.
Overall, we described a pathway of transition from the GV to the MII stage that is punctuated of discrete recordable events showing their specificity and occurring with different time kinetics in the two types of oocytes.
But despite this, and the fact that the role of context on call perception presents a possible parallel with pragmatics in human language (Scott-Phillips 2009; Wheeler et al. 2011), we know little about how context specificity and structure (discrete versus graded) of a call affect the degree to which contextual cues are incorporated.
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