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Decision variables can be continuous (represented by real numbers), resulting in continuous optimization problems, or discrete (represented by integer numbers), resulting in integer optimization (also called combinatorial optimization) problems.
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Clinical end points are often discrete, representing either the disease condition or its change from baseline.
The requirement to deal with protein sequences being discrete represents a difference from Loh et al. (2012).
In the left panel of Figure 1d, yellow discrete areas represented the ER-mitochondria contact points.
Seven discrete studies, represented by 24 citations due to multiple publication, met the inclusion criteria.
Patients in the DM sample (n = 281) resided in 169 discrete CTs and 261 discrete DAs, representing a total of 1,166,395 and 163,095 census respondents, respectively.
Patients in the RA sample (n = 276) belonged to 144 discrete CTs and 226 discrete DAs, representing a total of 833,735 and 157,500 census respondents, respectively.
Patients in the asthma sample (n = 359) resided in 198 discrete CTs and 321 discrete DAs, representing a total of 1,552,655 and 188,235 census respondents, respectively.
8In principle, when discrete durations represent underlying latent continuous durations, the discrete observed durations should follow a c-log-log distribution; see Høgelund et al. (2010).
Discrete variables represent the installation of platforms and wells in each period.
A reasonable number choice problem of discrete values, representing the interval data, is investigated.
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