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This is a discrete optimization problem with nondifferentiable nonconvex objective due to the discrete properties of practical systems.
Some of the most discrete properties of Xanthan gum, which makes it a drilling mud additive, include its use as a stabilizer, emulsifier (in some cases), suspending agent and a thickener for mud systems (Katzbauer 1998; Luvielmo et al. 2016).
For both the observed N positive and the observed N negative distributions we selected a negative binomial function to fit the data because of the discrete properties of the scale (Fig. 1a,b).
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This paper emphasizes the discrete property of RCDs, and aims to obtain an appropriate switch law of RCDs for a rigid spinning solar sail.
However, most methods characterize discrete properties or activities of viral proteins or define the properties of a virus by readouts, such as virus yield in vitro or disease outcome in vivo, without providing any information regarding the dynamics of interaction between a virus and its host cell.
The Markov chain is a kind of stochastic process with characteristics of discrete properties in mathematics.
In case of discrete properties (such as facies or lithology), the averaging approach is "most of," i.e., most commonly occurring (mode) lithology within the points occurring in a single geocells (Cannon 2015).
The rationale for our approach was to evaluate the interaction of discrete properties between sequences.
The discrete dispersion properties of the fully coupled schemes obtained are studied, showing accuracy close to or better than that of a fourth order finite difference method.
The reduced control space, now compactly parameterized by the Walsh spectra, thus consists of bounded-strength unitary sequences inheriting the discrete timing properties of the Walsh basis.
Again the distinction is between the discrete, localized properties of a particle and the continuous, distributed properties a field.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com