Complex life cycles - hereafter referring to organisms with at least two discrete post-embryonic life-stages [ 2, 3] - are ubiquitous in animals, being expressed in at least 80% of all species [ 4, 5].
However, it is not known whether this amyloidogenic conversion requires an extensive protein oxidative damage or it can be promoted just by a discrete, localized post-translational modification of certain residues.
Defects in DC uptake of Lm, in reduced MHC and costimulatory molecule expression, and in accumulation of the critical CD8α+ DC subset at discrete times post-infection, provide another piece of the puzzle explaining why aged mammals fail to mount robust CD8 T-cell responses to Listeria.
Since both are, by nature, discrete, a post-hoc procedure may be necessary in which integer sets of (n s, n d ) close to the mathematically derived solution are entered into the budget constraint (equation (4)) to check that they are affordable, and into the objective function (equation (3)) to evaluate their statistical performance.
A Tweet is a discrete text-based post on the social media website Twitter.
A p-value of < 0.05 was accepted as significant if shown on the discrete (GLM and post-hoc) and the categorical level (Fisher's exact test).
To date, various reporter proteins together with proteins requiring discrete co- and post-translational subcellular localization have been successfully co-expressed in in vitro and in vivo heterologous systems using F2A sequences of various lengths [ 11, 17- 24].
For each replicate, RNA was prepared from 30 40 mosquito guts at six discrete time points post-infection; mixed asexual and sexual stages in the blood bolus (1 h), ookinete midgut invasion (24 h), early-stage oocysts (48 h), mid-stage oocysts (5 days), sporulating oocysts (10 days) and mature oocysts (13 days).
The amplifying circuit which replaces the interstage and post stage discrete components of a traditional CSP with integrated operational amplifier is simpler and more reliable.
We use the Kolmogorov Smirnov and the Wilcoxon tests to compare market-wide liquidity in several discrete periods pre and post acquisition.
This study finds varied effects for different post-search discrete emotions (fear, hope, contentment, interest, and inspiration) and explores how social cognitive mediators and perceived relevance shape post-search attitudes and behaviors.
