The non-idealities in hardware implementation of designed modulation schemes such as the non-smooth behavior of the modulator around zero also contribute to additional discrete origins for the pulses.
The nonidealities in hardware implementation of designed modulation schemes, such as the nonsmooth behavior of the modulator around zero, and/or nonlinearities in the power amplifier, can also lead to the appearance of additional discrete origins for the pulses and exacerbate the OOB emissions.
DNA replication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae initiates at discrete origins referred to as Autonomously Replicating Sequences (ARS).
At the heart of the pX1.0 construct is an archetypical IncX1 replicon which encodes the replication initiation protein π, initiator of plasmid replication through a Cairns type (Θ type) mechanism at three discrete origins of replication (α, ß and γ), along with the Bis protein, required for replication initiation at the ß-origin.
Therefore, the sharp peak signatures of discrete origins can be resolved in the Trep data.
In contrast, the Chinese samples analyzed earlier (some from Guangxi Province in southern China, Figure 1) [ 12, 13] formed two clusters, which might indicate discrete origins: some haplotypes were clustered in the East Asian branch, whereas others were shared and linked with haplotypes from Southeast Asia (Thailand, Vietnam and Indonesia).
This suggests acquisitions in the plasmid of discrete elements of distinct origins, via horizontal transfer.
Each gated community has discrete historical origins.
The beginnings of farming, 10,000 or more years ago, have often been discussed in relation to a few discrete "centres of origin", for example the Fertile Crescent of the Middle East, and Central America.
Allowing for a model without admixture as well as one with admixture, carries the assumption of discrete populations as origin.
More specifically, we create a discrete variable (immigrant origin) on a 1 3 ordered scale, with a value of 1 for those whose parents and grandparents are US citizens; a value of 2 for those whose parents are US citizens, but at least one grandparent is an immigrant; and a value of 3 for those who declare that at least one of their parents is foreign-born.
