The organization of OXPHOS complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane has been the subject of intense debate during the last decade after the discovery of supramolecular assemblies by the landmark study of Schägger in 2000 (Schägger and Pfeiffer, 2000), later substantiated by electron microscopy studies (for a review, see Vonck and Schafer, 2009).
Since the discovery of polyketide biosynthetic assembly lines, these modular megasynthases have attracted considerable scientific and engineering interest.
Our discovery of the unique assembly mechanism of the vault particle reveals an unforeseen function of the polyribosome as a very sophisticated cellular 3D nanoprinter.
While originally found accumulated at active sites of transcription, including rDNA [ 1], the discovery of novel chromatin assembly pathways containing the nuclear protein DAXX [ 19, 25] has placed H3.3 into repetitive regions of the genome including telomeres [ 25] and the satellite repeats of pericentric heterochromatin domains [ 16, 19, 47].
Single-cell genome sequencing enabled discovery and assembly of 95% of the complete N. limnia genome; when this data was combined with metagenomic reads derived from the bulk enrichment culture, greater than 97% of the genome was determined.
For the discovery of SNPs in assembled sequences, a second assembly strategy was pursued.
Consequently, the long reads should be better for the discovery and assembly of novel genes and splice variants.
Transcriptome sequencing facilitates functional genomic studies, including global gene expression, novel gene discovery, and assembly of full-length genes [ 13– 16].
To assess and compare the utility of the lodgepole pine and jack pine transcriptome assemblies for FLcDNA discovery of terpenoid pathway genes, each assembly was queried with known PTs, TPSs, and CYP450s from other species.
The next-generation sequencing (NGS) based RNA-Seq technique has been widely used for de novo transcriptome sequencing assembly, discovery of novel genes and the investigation of gene expression in many non-model organisms [ 13].
