Importantly, Spns2 was the first S1P transporter discovered to be physiologically functional in vivo, in contrast to the ABC transporters [ 54].
An HTR3A single nucleotide polymorphism (178 C/T) in the upstream regulatory region was recently discovered to be of putative functional importance, because luciferase reporter assays in human embryonal kidney cells showed a two to three times higher activity of the rare allele compared to the wildtype [ 14].
The majority of the discovered alternate transcripts are unlikely to be functional at the protein level.
Since there were not enough significant genes that can be discovered to construct any functional subnetwork, the result of primary visual cortex (VCX) was absence.
In several cases, genes that controlled Drosophila stem cells were later discovered to have functional homologs in mammalian stem cells.
Finally, a novel heat shock protein module composed of the Hsp27, Hsp70, Hsp105, and DnaJ subfamilies was discovered to underlie the functional modulation of biological networks under stress.
Of note, lymphocytes express the leptin receptor, and visceral fat lymphocytes have been discovered to have specific functional properties (Fantuzzi and Faggioni, 2000; Moro et al., 2010).
Further studies are needed to understand whether rs320 T>G explains other observed associations or yet to be discovered functional variant(s) exist in this region.
In a broad sense, multigenecity reflects disruptions in proteins that participate in a protein complex, in a pathway [ 2] or, in general, in any known or yet to be discovered functional unit or module.
To overcome this limitation, we developed a new module discovery method termed BEEM (Biclusering-based Extraction of Expression Modules) in order to discover expression modules that are functional in a subset of tissues.
