Heraclitus already urged his audience not to pay attention to him (as a person) but rather, via him, to reason as such.11 Ideally, λόγος (reason, language, discourse) speaks.
The semiology (the science of signs) of Roland Barthes gave impetus to the study of the political nature of language and the attempt to understand the ways in which a society's discourses speak through and constitute both writers and readers.
Arguments in their own social circles about the merits of Luther's views could be seen as part of a far wider discourse, both spoken and printed.
The Bengali language has two distinct styles: sadhu bhasa, the literary style, which contains many words derived from Sanskrit, and calit bhasa, the colloquial style, which is the standard medium of informal discourse, both spoken and written.
An intonation contour can define a unit of discourse in spoken English.
Furthermore, just as we interpret the whole of a discourse, whether spoken or written, in the light of its several parts and any particular part in the light of the whole, similarly, we interpret a complex of actions for example, a war in the light of the particular actions of its participants and vice versa.
Like social discourse, dress has its proprieties – because of course, dress is social discourse; it speaks for us and about us.
The co-construction of discourse during speaking tests may best explain this proposal.
Over a shimmering, rattling musical background, it was a continuous spoken discourse aimed at some imaginary sad sack, crazy with old-fashioned mother-wit vernacular.
Following the conquests, both urban and rural culture began to adopt elements of Arab culture, and an Arabic vernacular eventually replaced the Egyptian language as the common means of spoken discourse.
