Exact(1)
Worse still, central banks have encouraged speculation by rescuing markets at times of crisis without discouraging markets during bubbles.So it's not just that economists don't have all the answers, for many years they weren't asking the right questions.
Similar(59)
Though many economists see a gloomy outlook for spending, the Fed has hinted that it would be reluctant to cut its benchmark interest rate when the central bank meets on Dec. 11, discouraging market watchers who think a rate cut could stimulate growth.
Instead, he has discouraged markets with his vague generalities.
Until late 2001, PBHG did not try to discourage market timers.
Many fund companies insist that they discourage market timing, but investigators have found that some fund managers and other investors were profiting from such trades.
Some academics contend that the Justice Department's guidelines underestimate the extent to which small concerns and potential entrants may discourage market leaders from raising prices.
The agency is also considering requiring a higher redemption fee when investors sell their mutual-fund shares quickly, for instance within five days of purchase, to discourage market timing.
And they will soon vote on whether to impose a 2% levy on fund shares sold within five days of buying them, in an effort to discourage market timing.
A new study describes an emerging phenomenon of "tertiary patents," which have the potential to further delay and discourage market entry in the context of drug-device combination products.
But they are hugely expensive — typically tens of thousands of dollars a year for a single patient — and concern is building that an industry misinformation campaign will discourage market acceptance of lower-cost copies.
That's to discourage market timers.
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