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In effect, pensions are a debt like any other, and should be discounted with a bond yield.Furthermore, given the bond-like nature of the liability, pension-fund sponsors were in effect borrowing money to invest in risky assets.
Costs were discounted with a discount rate ranging from 3 to 5%%.
Both costs and outcomes will be discounted with a discount rate of 5%.
Finally, according to health-economic guidelines in the Netherlands, future health benefits are discounted with a relatively low discount rate of 1.5%, and therefore, the health benefits of cervical cancer are devalued less than in most other countries.
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Fig. 1b shows the probability discounting with a horizontal axis as an odds against.
For all equipment depreciation, we used straight-line depreciation discounting with a 3% discount rate and assumed no end-term resale value [ 28].
The trust said regular users will still get a discounted price with a pre-paid cash card.
The Clifton Suspension Bridge Trust has said regular users would still get a discounted price with a pre-paid cash card.
This approach combines the estimation of α and the hypothesis testing for the association of discounting with cognition in a single model framework.
Results from the demonstration scenario are presented without discounting and with a discounting of up to 5%, to cover a range around the most commonly used rate of 3% in the literature [ 43].
Discounting etiquette with a laugh, she feels that her strongest calling is toward the decorative arts.
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