The degree of movement-associated artefacts was graded with a 4-point scoring system (10): score 1: no motion artefacts; score 2: mild blurring of the segment; score 3: moderate blurring without structure discontinuity; score 4: doubling or discontinuity in the course of the segment preventing evaluation.
It is shown by numerical experiments that VIS-MHD-A is able to work accurately for a wide range of problems including discontinuities, shock structures, and problems including smooth solutions (e.g., Rayleigh Taylor and Kelvin–Helmholtz instability).
Numerical methods, such as the Finite Element Method, provide an opportunity to model the segmental tunnel lining and its response to the entire TBM construction process and to explicitly model the crack development within individual segments using modern methods to model the discontinuities in structures.
The morphology index, M, weighs three basic features of MULTICELL morphology: local EXTRACELLULAR arrangement, E, structural discontinuity, D, and a structure's overall shape, S. For each CELL, the algorithm computes a numerical score based on its neighborhood arrangement.
Considering the effects of discontinuity in the structure of these devices is necessary as an inevitable factor in order to adjust the device response in the desired specifications.
Methods M4 and M5 are aimed at filling holes in view extrapolation; however, holes are filled with smoothed textures and structure discontinuity (see rows 5 and 6 in Fig. 9, Fig. 10 rows 4 and 5 in Fig. 11 and Fig. 12).
Overt pronouns are argued to occur when anaphor-antecedent relations are structurally interrupted by minor breaks and discontinuities in discourse structure, caused by changes in temporal, spatial, or action continuity, from transitions in description of a referent's physical activities to his/her mental activity, and from switches in narration from background to foreground information (Pu 2011).
Open image in new window Fig. 18 Map showing integrated basement structure discontinuities.
These works suggest that major and minor discontinuities in discourse structure cause alternations in the different anaphoric forms of reference that speakers regularly use.
