Joints can form in our model as a result of discontinuities in the pattern of elements along the AP axis as different spatial solutions become stable as the LALI zone changes in size and shape (e.g., Fig. 2; Movie S1).
Such a map, constructed for the study area in the Cascade Range, Oregon, USA, shows a sharp discontinuity in the dissection pattern, indicating change in underlying geology.
In all IFs, an obligatory feature is the presence of a stutter - a discontinuity in the heptad repeat pattern that is equivalent to an insertion of four extra residues at the end of a heptad.
However, there appears to be discontinuities in the plumage patterns of certain features (i.e. underparts, superciliary stripe), so that the geographical variation in plumage appears to be more checkerboard than clinal (Vuilleumier 1984).
Some discontinuities in the expression patterns were assumed to be due to detection limits.
67 Nevertheless, there was no evidence of any discontinuities in the age patterns of burials, and in particular there was no evidence of any bias in the recording of smallpox burials that would have caused such a great increase specifically in smallpox burials compared to other causes.
In any case, since the perceived discontinuity in 2009, the Okun pattern seems to be holding.
Overall, the Piketty series, while not a perfect representation of the raw data (adjusted for discontinuities), fits the pattern of underlying changes in wealth inequality much better than the Giles series, which is largely an artefact of the discontinuities.
Below I list the most conspicuous instances of this pattern of discontinuity in the biological and pre-biological domains, and outline the central aspects of the respective evolutionary transitions.
The apparent discontinuity between the patterning of altruistic behavior within dyads in the field and in the laboratory requires further investigation.
