Power-gating which is a representative low-power technique can be utilized to mitigate the increasing leakage power, but the disconnection problem suffered in the conventional power-gated NoC may severely affect network performance.
Landmark overlays for urban vehicular routing environments (LOUVRE) [7] solved the network disconnection problem by using an approach to efficiently build a landmark overlay network on top of the urban topology.
An urban VANET snapshot is depicted in Figure 1 as an example where average vehicle density in Figure 1a is higher than that in Figure 1b, whereas the road segment in Figure 1a has the temporal network disconnection problem.
On the other hand, VANETs also exhibit the network disconnection problem, which is due to the vehicles' mobility that causes network partitioning and becomes eventually the cause for the loss of communication.
Disconnection: One problem case for the process view, on which the root idea of causation is that of physical connection, is disconnection (Ehring 1984, Schaffer 2000c, Lewis 2004, Hall 2004).
When every node in the network changes channels of its radios dynamically, nodes often require tighter coordination between them to avoid disconnections, deafness problem, and multi-channel hidden terminal problem.
A crucial problem is disconnection between the free market and required government regulation.
Meanwhile, the problem of disconnection so perfectly captured in Hague's sweaty rictus 18 years ago has become a global crisis, aptly described by Tony Blair in yesterday's Observer: "It is a vast wave of feeling against the unfairness of globalisation, against elites, against the humdrum navigation of decision-making in an imperfect world".
In order to overcome the problem of disconnection, the inverters are set to operate as smart inverter with dynamic operation depending on the voltage parameter at the PCC. Figure 11 refers to the same plant after the activation of the smart inverter operation.
