BBC News, citing recently disclosed papers that were printed in the Sydsvenska Dagbladet newspaper, said that C. S. Lewis, the essayist and author of his own "Chronicles of Narnia" fantasy books, tried to nominate Tolkien, his friend and fellow Oxford faculty member, for the Nobel.
Corporations do not like to disclose the papers because they give the I.R.S. a roadmap to gray areas of the tax code.
Chris Lamb, a freedom of information campaigner from Bristol who won an information tribunal ruling in May requiring the Cabinet Office to disclose the papers, told the Observer: "Avoiding blame is civil service code for not holding people accountable".
Sepp Blatter yesterday gave a commitment to disclose court papers that give details of alleged bribes paid to Fifa officials as he unveiled his long-awaited reforms that are designed to clean up world football's troubled governing body within two years.
Failure to disclose related papers may lead to rejection at any time.
It says that the culture and media department (DCMS) is refusing to disclose a paper which "is thought" to set out advice on whether the government-sponsored royal charter breaches European law.
In filing for bankruptcy recently, Sun-Times Media Group, publisher of The Chicago Sun-Times and several smaller papers, disclosed in court papers that it had drawn up its original 2009 budget based on an expected 18percentt slide in ad revenue for the entire year, but had revised that to 30percentt.
Accounts from court records reveal instances of pharmaceutical companies paying medical communications companies to draft articles favorable to their products, then hiring well-known academics to publish the papers under their own names without disclosing the papers' origins.
The preliminary settlement was disclosed in papers filed in Federal District Court in Manhattan and requires court approval.
