b The suggested circuits of the charging and discharging processes under the bias voltage.
The charging and discharging processes may take place under bias voltage.
The frequency-dependent C V measurements further demonstrated the charging and discharging processes.
The charging and discharging processes of different thermal cells are shown in Fig. 3.
Three scenarios in (6), including the charging and discharging processes, are all considered.
The 3-D model is validated against voltage evolution curves measured under charging and discharging processes.
This feature weakens heat transfer mechanisms of LHTESS during charging and discharging processes.
The suggested circuits of the charging and discharging processes under the bias voltage are shown in Fig. 4b.
It can be seen that the charging and discharging processes are nearly symmetric, indicating excellent electrochemical reversibility of the electrodes.
Charging and discharging processes were performed between 0 and 1.5 V with specific current rates for each process.
The time constant is defined by τ c and τ d in the charging and discharging processes, respectively.
