The open lagoon system in KKS Labu, Sime Darby, comprised a cooling pond, an acidification pond, 2 anaerobic ponds, 2 facultative ponds, and a final discharge pond.
The open lagoon system in KKS Labu, Sime Darby, consisted of a cooling pond, an acidification pond, 2 anaerobic ponds, 2 facultative ponds, and a final discharge pond.
These impoundments are well known as infiltration ponds, evaporation ponds, or zero-discharge ponds.
Rain showers are considered, so heavy that the water level keeps staying at the specified height of the emergency discharge (full ponding).
Suspended solids (SS) which have been discharged into ponds, lakes, and enclosed sea areas from shores and rivers absorb various substances such as heavy metals and nutrients.
Groundwater flow reversals occurred around the entire perimeter of the moraine pond; recharge from the moraine pond to the peatland during dry periods was off-set by discharge to the pond from the peatland during wet periods.
They also said water discharged from the ponds was full of organic waste that has killed more fish.
One of the biggest known problems is finding algae following discharge from the pond (USEPA 1983).
Taxa richness of benthic macroinvertebrates was unaffected by pond discharge at all sites.
Based on calibration and validation by field experiment data, HYDRUS model was used to evaluate the impacts of design parameters of filter hydraulic conductivity, filter width and height, drain spacing and depth on improved subsurface drainage discharge with constant ponding depth.
The gangue is discharged into holding ponds similar to those that collect tailings.
