All scenarios considered here point to some past hydrological variability that is straightforwardly explained if the system involves an esker instead of other bedforms not closely related to subglacial conduit discharge.
Temporary nature of the boil (e.g. stability of the conduit, discharge rate), uncertainty on the 3D construction of the conduit and heterogeneity of the subsoil make it unlikely that temperature measurements can be interpreted further than a qualitative level.
Equation (7) calculates the mass flow rate using the discharge rate and the conduit radius R c.
During storm events, suspended solids and pollutants adhered to soil surfaces (phosphorus, ammonium and organic nitrogen) were concentrated and discharged during the rapid, conduit flow portion of the hydrograph.
This exponential decay is explained by the magma chamber-conduit system of fixed parameters, under the assumptions that the change in chamber pressure is controlled by magma outflux to the conduit (i.e., discharge rate), and the discharge rate is proportional to the chamber pressure (Huppert and Woods [2002]; Hreinsdóttir et al. [2014]).
Understanding the water sources contributing to tile drainage and the manner by which pollutant discharge occurs from these systems (conduit, intermediate or diffuse flow) may be useful for designing, implementing and evaluating non-point source reduction strategies in tile-drained landscapes.
High nitrate-N concentrations occur near Lost Creek Sink, and conduits of Wakulla Spring and Spring Creek Springs where aquifer discharge groundwater.
Flow in the UFA is transmitted vertically and laterally through karst conduits and enlarged fracture planes; discharge occurs to wells, springs, rivers, and the Gulf of Mexico (Crandall 2007).
As expected, the narrowing of a conduit causes a decrease in the discharge rate.
For a discharge rate of higher than 10 m3/s, a larger conduit results in a leftward shift of the solution curves.
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is one of the major water conduits that connect the land and ocean in global water cycle.
