While Table 3 gives a detailed list of all the gene combinations whose proteins are predicted to be blood secretory, with discerning power between cancer and corresponding reference tissues higher than 70%, a few top candidates for these seven cancer types are highlighted.
Magnification, enlarging the measurement signal without increasing its power, is often necessary to match the output of one element of the system with the input of another, such as matching the size of the readout meter with the discerning power of the human eye.
Then, the k-gene combinations exhibiting discerning power across multiple cancer types were determined.
A 19-gene signature was found to have discerning power between high- and low-grade gastric cancers in general, with overall classification accuracy at 79.6%.
In addition, we have also ranked k-gene combinations, based on their discerning power between early cancer samples and control samples if the relevant data are available and sufficiently large.
Specifically, all 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-gene combinations encoded in the human genome were ranked in terms of their discerning power in distinguishing the cancer samples from the corresponding control samples for each cancer type.
In identifying features that are effective in discriminating urine excretory proteins from the non-excretory ones, a simple and effective method to eliminate features that show little or no discerning power for our classification problem was employed; 74 feature values were selected using the procedure outlined in Section a of Methods (Table S5).
The discerning power of the two classification equations was similar in the validation cases.
This indicates that not only extracted features have strong discerning power, but also the performance is not significantly subject to different genome distance methods.
That is, regardless of the population, random guessing will not give any distinction between any populations and provide no discerning power.
