Noncoding parts of the transcript, called introns, are cut out and discarded, leaving behind exons, the parts of the transcript that will be translated into proteins.
To avoid any inflation of test statistics that could be introduced by population structure, 281 samples of non-European origin were discarded, leaving behind 2,240 families.
In the correct spirit but for the wrong reasons, Herodotus (5th century bc) felt that the small discoidal nummulitic petrifactions (actually the fossils of ancient lime-secreting marine protozoans) found in limestones outcropping at al-Jīzah, Egypt, were the preserved remains of discarded lentils left behind by the builders of the pyramids.
Archaeologist Torben Rick watched with frustration as pounding surf clawed at one of North America's oldest homesteads, a massive heap of village foundations, cutting tools, beads and kitchen discards left behind over the last 13,000 years.
But this year, I'm finding my "stockings" discarded on the beach, left behind by newly arrived refugees. .
You are responsible for shipping boxes back to your company; all materials left behind will be discarded.
And erased files can sometimes be reconstructed with special software that reassembles discarded data from the digital ghosts left behind on hard drives.
"Mostly, we're looking at discards; these are broken and left behind," said the University of Oregon archaeologist.
Much of science involves studying things left behind -- rocks deposited when an ice sheet retreated, say, or animal bones discarded after a Stone Age feast.
(See "Left Behind: Ireland And Spain").
