We concentrate initially on the increased Ka/Ks ratio in the human lineage, which seems to be under the strongest positive selection: * Significant at P < 5%, χ1 = 3.84 As expected, when we discarded individual human-specific changes, the likelihood ratio difference decreased, from 6.32 to 4.76 4.78, but remained significant.
We split these pedigrees into nuclear families for analysis, discarding subpedigrees which had no variation in observed phenotype or marker alleles or fewer than 2 individuals with observed genotypes, and discarding individuals without offspring which had neither observed phenotype nor genotype.
Outside the cave, in the open, using head lamps, we weighed the birds to the nearest 10 g using spring balances and selected adult birds only, determined by examining plumage wear of their wing and tail feathers and by discarding individuals that had wing lengths below 300 mm, the asymptotic wing length (C. Bosque, pers. obs).
Therefore, we discard individuals with propensity score values outside the range of the other group, thereby also ensuring a better balance.
We inferred a linkage map based on the marker segregation data from 201 F2 hybrid male embryos after discarding individuals for which more than 20% of the markers failed to amplify.
An average number of 2.5 × 10 reads for 93 haploids and 3.0 × 10 reads for 77 diploids (Table S2) resulted after quality filtering, barcode recovery, demultiplexing, and discarding individuals with low coverage.
CryoLife said that it now discards individual tissues found to be contaminated but processes the rest of the donor's tissues if they appear clean.
The decision about discarding individual bits uses a pre-computed table with the relative filtering power of each distinct bit and extra information that connects query bits to corresponding "covered" query atoms.
We will not exclude studies or discard individual items because the studies defined the items differently or used different wording of the questions in the standard data set.
