Increasingly, it is recognized that a disaster influences mental health of individuals via parallel trajectories (1).
Figure 2b, d is presented here only for the purpose of comparison and to demonstrate how the effects of time and disasters influence the largest economies' production efficiency curves.
The recent maritime catastrophes and other international events such as shipping and port accidents, terrorism, concerns on the role of the human element in maritime industry, environmental disasters influence the maritime community for increasing the level of persuasions [2].
This result is consistent with the suggestion made by Anbarci et al. (2005) that the losses from natural hazard-induced disasters influence the existing income inequalities more pronouncedly, especially for women, the young and elderly, and people of ethnic or racial minorities.
They responded that some of the climate-related disasters have influenced to coastal tourism activity; the high level is affected by storm and flood.
Communication about earthquake disasters is influenced by complex relationships among local communities, as well as regional, national, and international institutions and organizations prior to earthquake disasters (Atsumi and Okano 2004).
The time to preparedness varies by disaster type, influences response strategies, and is further compounded by the generalized, largely reactive approaches to disaster management at all levels, particularly in the low- and middle-income countries (10).
Finally, it is also shown that regardless of countries' income classification, the negative effect of the number of disaster occurrences influences first countries' efficiency and then their technological change levels.
It has been reported that the stress after the Hanshin Awaji earthquake disaster in Japan influenced the symptoms of AD, suggesting that natural disasters affect AD symptoms [ 2].
