The group also considered a number of significant knowledge gaps and methodological issues in the current research status that still impede effective DRR for resilience, for example the lack of a taxonomy of loss, data for disaster effects models, and measures of DRR effectiveness.
Okuyama (2003) presented a significant link between mainstream growth research and empirical studies on macroeconomic disaster effects.
Noy (2009) provides evidence that the disaster effects are more severe for countries with a weak financial sector.
The results can be used as references in future disaster alert systems, disaster-prevention decision-making, and the assessment of disaster effects (Peñuelas and Filella 2001).
Although specific research on the disaster effects on children with disabilities and schools is lacking, the timing of many disasters means that these children can be significantly affected.
CEDIM FDA activities involve estimates of potential disaster effects within days of a disaster, such as social and economic impacts and building damage (Wenzel et al. 2013).
Once a methane/air explosion occurs in a laneway, inappropriate design parameters of the support system, especially the support spacing, likely have a negative influence on explosion disaster effects.
Mutch (2013) proposed a continuum of engagement of children in research on, about, with, and by children, while Peek and Stough (2010) emphasized the need for their active involvement and consideration in all DRR activities to mitigate disaster effects.
Social media, on the other hand, has been shown to provide a forum for people to disseminate and discuss disaster issues, experiences, and information, and to build strong personal connections for coping with disaster effects and loss (Palen 2008; Shklovski et al. 2008; Qu et al. 2009).
