However, the interpretation of post-decision wagering data is potentially confounded by complex factors affecting how gains and losses affect performance (Clifford, Arabzadeh, & Harris, 2008; Dienes & Seth, 2009; Schurger & Sher, 2008), and a full behavioural analysis of advantages, and disadvantages, in defining consciousness based on these economic terms is lacking.
The aim of this study was to determine whether rates of emergency admission to hospital for breathing difficulty, feverish illness and diarrhoea at PCT-level are associated with measures of disadvantage as defined by Indices of Multiple Deprivation and Child Well-being and whether there is variation by length of stay and age.
An advantage, which corresponds to one of the few clear disadvantages of Zermelo set theory, is that it is possible to define natural numbers, cardinal numbers, and ordinal numbers in the natural way intended by Frege, Russell, and Whitehead.
19 A universal challenge for studies that seek to explore the impact of social disadvantage in society is how to best capture the concept of 'social disadvantage' and define socioeconomic position.
A substantial proportion of the 250×250 m squares that belong to the least favourable quintile in terms of socioeconomic deprivation and household crowding may remain unidentified if disadvantage is defined on the basis of the surrounding areas instead of the local area itself.
The Carstairs index is a composite score of levels of disadvantage in a defined geographic area, as measured by four components: male unemployment, overcrowded households, household car access, low social class of heads of households[ 3].
Cumulative socioeconomic disadvantage was defined as the number of life course periods with low SES (range 0 4).
The scope of this paper is to underline the advantages and disadvantages of the classical methods, to define their domain of validity and to propose new efficient methods.
If disadvantage were defined as above, admissions authorities might be led in the direction of ability banding, favoured in the code, and powerfully advocated in a recent report from the Institute of Public Policy Research IPPRR).
However, differences were also identified and, therefore, additional studies should be carried out to better define advantages and disadvantages of a comparative assessment between these lesions.
