Nonetheless, the coexistence of social stratification in relation to class and gender means a woman may be disadvantaged because she is a woman, but her disadvantage is compounded if she is a woman belonging to a lower status zaat [ 44, 52].
The disadvantage is compounded when some countries (China) keep their currencies artificially undervalued.
This political disadvantage is compounded, Professor Murray said, by a lack of neighborhood strongholds, since Hispanics are scattered across the city.
"This disadvantage is compounded by a huge VAT and business-rates disparity between pubs and supermarkets, which is putting unsustainable pressure on many pubs in our industry, especially in smaller towns and less-affluent areas".
This disadvantage is compounded by the fact that the structure of animal tissues is inherently complex, consisting of many different cell types in close proximity [ 32], and therefore biological research of tissue micro-environments requires a more subtle approach to cell isolation.
One involves following people over time, tracing their knowledge and beliefs about science from childhood to adulthood, to track the way advantages and disadvantages in education are compounded over time and to test his theory that people don't wait until they are adults to start forming opinions about the world.
Many of those impairments are compounded by social stigma and cultural, educational, or other disadvantages.
Their existing disadvantages will be compounded by diminishing opportunities for unskilled work, and higher barriers to upskilling.
The ability to achieve a healthy lifestyle may be affected by socio-economic status [ 5], a disadvantage that may be compounded by wider determinants of health such as poverty, poor housing, inadequate education and, possibly, reduced access to healthcare [ 6].
This disadvantage, he asserted, was compounded by the fact that NTDs do not carry the same rates of mortality as do the big three of HIV, TB, and malaria, despite collectively being a major driver behind the loss of global disability-adjusted life years, quality of life, and economic potential.
