Smokers' reported desire to talk with smoking cessation advisors increased linearly with economic disadvantage (measured by Townsend index) such that demand for support was highest (44.6%) from the most disadvantaged and lowest (39.1%) from the least socially disadvantaged groups.
Statewide, 43 percent of Ohio public school students are disadvantaged, as measured by free and reduced lunches, compared with 33 percent in 2005, according to a recent survey by KidsOhio, a nonprofit educational organization based in Columbus.
"Diversity is so plastic and broadly appealing," Berrey writes, "it can justify effective policy interventions such as affirmative admissions, and it can animate progressive political action to redistribute resources to the disadvantaged, too" — measures that Berrey seems to support, and that many other Americans otherwise might not.
That means a high-attaining pupil in a disadvantaged area is measured against peers on the other side of the country, rather than those in similarly disadvantaged areas.
Black people in Britain, while still disadvantaged on some measures, are better integrated than at the time of the Brixton riots.
Correlations of vocabulary with reading span scores in our study echo concerns that bilinguals may be disadvantaged on verbal measures.
So we produced a second list that takes into consideration how well schools serve students from economically disadvantaged backgrounds -- measured by the percentage of students qualifying for free school lunches.
Additionally, we found some evidence that the association between smoking and living in a disadvantaged neighborhood (as measured by the neighborhood advantage summary score) was greater in individuals with higher rather than lower individual-level household income.
* reflects interaction between Socioeconomic Status and Race/Ethnicity adjusted for Age, Gender, Insurance Status, Type of Procedure, Comorbidity, and Level of Urbanization Models based on n = 1,122,137 discharges Disadvantaged populations, as measured by zip code level socioeconomic status, are more likely to have outpatient surgery performed in hospitals than in ASCs.
Eslea and colleagues showed in a large dataset from seven different countries that victims of traditional bullying were significantly more disadvantaged on all measures (e.g., mental health, friendships) in all samples, whereas bullies did not differ consistently in all samples.
Two-fifths of state prisoners will be released in the next 12 months.The typical inmate goes into prison disadvantaged by almost every measure.
