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After dealing with the donations issue on Wednesday morning, the commission used the afternoon session to examine the quality of the AWU's negotiations on behalf of low-paid workers, and assertions by union officials that the resulting agreements met the "no disadvantage test".
These individual contracts would operate outside the award framework, would not have to satisfy the "better off overall test" but rather just a "no disadvantage test", and would "avoid the costs" of enterprise bargaining for small employers by "not requiring negotiation with each party to the contract, either individually or as a group".
But employers want to see the number of "allowable areas" in awards slashed to perhaps six; the AIRC stripped of its role as an arbitrator; an end to the "no disadvantage" test; and a single, unified federal industrial-relations system put in place.
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An employee would later be able to lodge a complaint if the agreement breached the no-disadvantage test.
Enterprise contracts would allow businesses to move groups of employees off the award on to the new instrument, provided the new contract met a no-disadvantage test.
Asked about the 2004 Cleanevent enterprise agreement, Shorten said he relied on the advice of his union's officials that it met the no-disadvantage test.
Many discriminations are even enshrined in regulation: to gain scarce university entrance slots, for example, high school students from villages and small towns, where they are usually at an educational disadvantage, must test considerably higher, not lower, than urban youths.
"The intent is to avoid giving offense or disadvantage any test takers by privileging prior knowledge," Pondiscio told the New York Post.
Despite their numerical disadvantage, Brighton tested the Clarets several times before the visitors struck.
Here in Tanzania, many public-school students aren't exposed to English until secondary school; the Bacho teachers believe this puts young people at a disadvantage when testing for high school and college admittance, so they begin at an earlier age.
For many, the emotional impact of receiving bad news was the main disadvantage of testing (although this may be transient): I would be an emotional wreck for a while until I got my head around it [ID107] Another disadvantage frequently cited was the potential impact of the results upon family relationships.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com